The rapid development of information technologies and the expansion of the digital environment have a significant impact on the social, economic, and legal relations of modern society. Although the internet and digital platforms have become an integral part of people’s daily lives, this process has made issues related to security and the protection of human rights in cyberspace even more pressing. Today, cybersecurity is no longer viewed solely as a technical matter but is also considered a field directly linked to human rights. The protection of personal data, property rights, freedom of expression, and the right to privacy are among the fundamental rights that are increasingly at risk as a result of cyberattacks.
Vusala Muradkhanli notes that the growing dependence on digital technologies makes people more vulnerable:
“People carry out many essential activities online, from banking transactions to personal communications. This significantly increases the scale of human rights violations in the event of cyberattacks.”
The theft of personal and financial data, the takeover of social media accounts, and disruptions to the operation of online platforms are among the most common consequences of cyberattacks. Such incidents not only cause financial losses but also have a negative impact on individuals’ psychological well-being and social relationships. In particular, the right to privacy remains one of the most frequently violated rights in cyberspace. The unauthorized dissemination of personal data damages an individual’s reputation and may lead to further rights violations. At the same time, interference with freedom of speech and expression in the online environment is also observed.
Addressing this issue, Vusala Muradkhanli emphasizes:
“Ensuring cybersecurity is essential; however, this process should not be carried out at the expense of restricting freedom of expression or the right to the protection of personal data.”
Another major concern is the increase in hate speech, cyberbullying, and discrimination in cyberspace. Such behavior poses serious risks, particularly for children and young people. In addition, violations of intellectual property rights and the unauthorized use of digital products lead to economic and legal consequences. Cyberspace is sometimes used for human trafficking, child exploitation, and the dissemination of harmful online content, placing additional responsibility on both states and society and requiring a comprehensive approach. International organizations, including the United Nations, have repeatedly emphasized that human rights protected in the physical world must also be safeguarded in cyberspace. At the same time, excessive surveillance measures implemented by states under the pretext of cybersecurity may disrupt the balance between security and fundamental rights.
Highlighting the importance of this balance, Vusala Muradkhanli states:
“An effective cybersecurity policy should not be limited to technical protection alone but must be built on the principle of respect for human rights.”
The Republic of Azerbaijan is implementing cybersecurity and information security strategies in line with international standards in this field. The relevant strategy covering the years 2023–2027 aims not only to strengthen digital security but also to ensure the protection of rights and freedoms enshrined in the Constitution.
In conclusion, ensuring security in cyberspace requires a complex and multidimensional approach. This approach should include coordinated actions by state institutions, public awareness efforts, and, most importantly, the protection of human rights as a fundamental principle.