In the rapidly evolving landscape of blockchain technology, Transactions Per Second (TPS) has become a critical metric for determining whether public chains and digital payment platforms can meet real-world financial demands. TPS not only reflects a system’s technical capabilities but also determines its performance in scenarios involving large user bases, high-frequency transactions, and complex financial operations. Early mainstream blockchains like Bitcoin and Ethereum, with their single or double-digit TPS, frequently experienced network congestion and high transaction fees, making them inadequate for high-concurrency scenarios such as retail checkouts, online shopping, and cross-border remittances. Only when TPS matches or exceeds the levels of traditional financial and internet platforms can blockchain truly become a mainstream global payment infrastructure, serving the massive user base and diverse needs of the real world.
Against this backdrop, UPCX’s mainnet claim of achieving 100,000 TPS has sparked industry-wide discussions. Such high processing capacity not only marks a new breakthrough in blockchain technology but also positions it to potentially rival traditional financial systems.
Recently, at the “Tokyo Formula E 2025 UPCX” press conference, UPCX CEO Makoto Nakano introduced the platform’s ten unique features and proposed an ambitious goal of increasing TPS from 100,000 to 1,000,000. If achieved, UPCX would not only have the potential to become a mainstream global payment infrastructure but would also greatly expand its applications in high-frequency payments and global financial markets.
Industry Comparison: How Does UPCX’s 100,000 TPS Measure Up?
With its mainnet performance of 100,000 TPS, UPCX has become a standout in the blockchain industry. The following table compares the TPS performance of mainstream blockchains and payment systems, highlighting UPCX’s technical prowess:
(*) Ethereum Layer 2 solutions like Optimism/Arbitrum can reach thousands of TPS, but the mainnet is limited by its infrastructure.
As evident, UPCX’s 100,000 TPS in 2025 places it at the forefront of the blockchain industry. Compared to Bitcoin (4-7 TPS), Ethereum (15-30 TPS), Solana (several thousand TPS in practice), and XRP, UPCX’s performance represents a quantum leap, even surpassing Visa’s average of 24,000 TPS. Mainnet tests have verified UPCX’s stability under high throughput conditions. This capability means UPCX can easily support high-concurrency applications such as global e-commerce promotions and real-time IoT payments.
Moreover, UPCX not only leads in the blockchain sector but also approaches or exceeds the peak performance levels of global payment giants like Visa. Compared to internet payment systems like Alipay and WeChat Pay that rely on centralized architectures, UPCX’s achievement of such high TPS while maintaining decentralization presents not only significant technical challenges but also demonstrates the breakthrough significance of UPCX in blockchain innovation.
Technical Innovation: How Does UPCX Achieve Ultimate TPS?
UPCX’s ability to break through industry bottlenecks relies on the integration of multiple core technologies. First, UPCX employs a hybrid consensus mechanism combining DPoS (Delegated Proof of Stake) and BFT (Byzantine Fault Tolerance), improving block generation efficiency through representative nodes while ensuring network security and resistance to forking. Second, sharding technology divides the network into multiple segments, each capable of independently processing transactions and smart contracts in parallel, greatly enhancing concurrent processing and horizontal scalability. Additionally, efficient block propagation protocols like Graphene effectively reduce network latency and bandwidth consumption while improving node synchronization speed.
For smart contracts, UPCX is fully compatible with the Ethereum Virtual Machine (EVM), facilitating easy migration and application development. UPCX also achieves near-instant transaction confirmation with gas fees under one cent, offering a user experience comparable to or better than traditional payment systems for both micropayments and high-frequency transactions.
The table below summarizes UPCX’s core technologies:
Beyond High Performance: UPCX’s Ten Unique Features
UPCX’s innovations extend far beyond high TPS. Its feature design considers user-friendliness, security, and global needs, aiming to bring blockchain payments to the mainstream. UPCX CEO Makoto Nakano systematically introduced UPCX’s ten unique features, including:
- Email/Phone Number as Wallet Address: Users can send and receive assets directly via email or phone number, significantly lowering the barrier to digital currency use.
- Cross-currency Transfers: Support for direct transfers between multiple currencies such as USD and EUR without complex exchange processes.
- QR Code Payment Requests: Support for online and offline QR code payments, suitable for retail and everyday scenarios.
- Global Transfers Without Bank Accounts: Global remittances possible regardless of whether users have bank accounts, bringing financial inclusion to underserved populations.
- NFC Touch Payments: Support for NFC proximity payments, offering an experience comparable to Apple Pay and WeChat Pay.
- Secure Transaction Escrow Services: Escrow and protection for large or sensitive transactions, reducing risk.
- Bitcoin and Multi-chain Interoperability: Seamless circulation with Bitcoin and other mainstream chain assets, enhancing liquidity.
- Secure Hardware Wallets: End-to-end asset protection for individual and corporate users.
- Tamper-proof Tickets: Applicable to tickets, product traceability, and other scenarios to prevent forgery and fraud.
- Quantum-resistant Encryption: Integration of future-oriented quantum-resistant security algorithms to address next-generation security threats.
These features not only make UPCX more user-friendly and secure but also enable blockchain payments to cover a broader user base and more diverse life, business, and industry scenarios.
Application Value: The Real-World Significance of UPCX’s High TPS
UPCX’s breakthroughs in technology and functionality represent not just an improvement in processing speed but a profound reshaping of digital economy infrastructure. The 100,000 TPS capability means UPCX can support applications ranging from daily consumption to industrial-level financial services, completely eliminating the limitation that blockchain applications can only be implemented on a small scale.
In retail payments, this high TPS performance means users can enjoy payment experiences at high-traffic merchants like Starbucks and Amazon that are as smooth as or even better than cash or credit cards. More importantly, it enables merchants to process massive orders in real-time, greatly reducing the risk of business interruptions due to network delays and congestion. For peak hours in public transportation such as subways and buses, UPCX’s processing capacity ensures that every card swipe or scan can be completed instantly, thoroughly solving the challenge of traditional blockchains failing to implement in high-frequency scenarios.
For cross-border remittances, UPCX’s high TPS means funds can truly achieve “second-level arrival” globally without intermediate banks or clearing institutions, greatly compressing settlement time and cost. This not only optimizes international payment experiences for individuals and businesses but also provides unprecedented business convenience for cross-border e-commerce and small and medium-sized foreign trade enterprises, enhancing the efficiency and transparency of global fund flows.
In innovative fields like DeFi and NFTs, high TPS allows developers to confidently deploy complex, interactive smart contracts. Whether it’s matchmaking on decentralized exchanges or high-frequency minting and transfers in blockchain games and NFT markets, smooth on-chain interactions and controllable fees can be guaranteed. For users, this means fairer, more open financial products and asset services, bringing blockchain applications that were “only for geeks” to the masses.
Of more strategic significance is UPCX’s ability to enable global transfers without bank accounts and cross-currency payments, giving billions of people not covered by traditional financial systems their first opportunity to directly participate in global economic activities. This upgrade from the technical foundation to service models truly promotes the inclusion and barrier-free nature of global finance, potentially narrowing the “financial divide” and accelerating digital economy development in emerging markets and underdeveloped regions.
Of course, technological progress also brings new challenges. High TPS often means higher requirements for system architecture, decentralization, and security. UPCX has achieved a balance between performance and security through its DPoS+BFT architecture and continues to optimize node distribution and network mechanisms. In the future, ensuring network security and continuously attracting developers and business partners will be key to UPCX maintaining its leadership as the ecosystem grows.
Encouragingly, UPCX has already begun advancing toward its next technical goal of one million TPS. With the continuous maturation of technologies such as sharding and Layer 2, along with the ongoing growth of the industrial ecosystem, UPCX has the potential to become a core engine driving the upgrade of blockchain payments, Web3 applications, and global digital economy infrastructure.
Conclusion
With its ultimate performance of 100,000 TPS and rich innovative features, UPCX has reset the technical ceiling for the blockchain and payment industries. Based on comprehensive breakthroughs in performance, experience, security, and ecosystem openness, UPCX not only has the strength to challenge traditional payment giants but also lays a solid foundation for the inclusion and innovation of global financial services. If the UPCX ecosystem continues to grow and its technology continues to iterate, it will undoubtedly occupy a prominent position in the new global landscape of crypto payments and the digital economy.
“This is a bold mission that requires bold execution. This is how we redefine global payments.” — UPCX CEO Makoto Nakano
More about UPCX:
UPCX is a blockchain-based open-source payment platform that aims to provide secure, transparent, and compliant financial services to global users. It supports fast payments, smart contracts, cross-asset transactions, user-issued assets (UIA), non-fungible tokens (NFA), and stablecoins. Moreover, it offers a decentralized exchange (DEX), APIs, and SDKs, allows customized payment solutions, and integrates POS applications and hardware wallets for enhanced security, building a one-stop financial ecosystem.
UPCX Whitepaper 1.0
https://upcx.io/zh-CN/whitepaper/
UPCX Linktree